A Review of Research Progress on Numerical Model Verification and Evaluation in China

Evaluation constitutes a crucial component in the creation and application of numerical models. As these models have escalated in complexity in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for more accurate forecasting, thereby catalyzing substantial advancements in model verification and evaluation techniques. This paper begins with a review of recent domestic and international progress in model evaluation and verification, and subsequently delves into the significant contributions made by Chinese researchers in evaluating the dynamical frameworks of next-gene-ration numerical models, the spatiotemporal variability of the East Asian monsoon, and the assessment of weather and climate conditions around the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau (QXP). Given the identification of precipitation as a key process, the paper presents a comprehensive review of evaluation efforts pertaining to diurnal variations and process evolution in precipitation. The paper concludes by outlining potential future research outlooks, including the integration of multi-source observation data, the development of evaluation techniques specific to certain models and application contexts, and the synergy between model evaluation and machine learning technology.