BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE WIND. PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE IN PLATEAU OF MONGOLIA^*

After analyzing the mean pressure, dominant wind and temperature data of 40 observation stations in Mongolia from 1961 to 1990, we reach some conclusions as below: (a) The warm advection in the free atmosphere hardly reaches the ground in the west in winter. Because of thermodynamic differences of various meso- and micro-topography, there are "multi-centers" in the pressure field, and the dominant wind field is "disordered": the temperatures on the convexi-concave orography and sun-shady slope are different significantly. There is cold advection in the east side,which can reaches the ground and the air pressure field is a "unity". The wind field is dominated by the west wind. The temperature differences of various slope directions are small, and become smaller with height. (b) In summer, the upper control flow (planetary west wind) becomes weaker, and the orographic air pressure centers in the east develop. Over the windward side of the mountain high pressure prevails, and over the lee side low pressure does. These areas become deserts for dryness and lack of rainfall. Air temperature in summer can be expressed by latitude,longitude and elevation.