Development of Tropical Cyclone Forecasting Technology in China: the History, Present Situation and Future

In the past century, the development of tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting technology in China has experienced several main stages, such as cloud identification, weather chart analysis, statistical forecasting, statistics-dynamic forecasting, numerical forecasting and their integrated application. As a result, the capability in forecasting TC in China has significantly improved in both accuracy and stability, with noticeable stepwise features corresponding to the developments in forecasting technology. Looking ahead, forecasting of TCs has entered a new phase to breakthrough the bottlenecks of fine structure and long lead time forecasting. The integrated development of physical law understanding and artificial intelligence technology is anticipated to catalyze a new leap in capability.