A Review of Research Progress on Numerical Model Verification and Evaluation in China

Evaluation constitutes a crucial component in the creation and application of numerical models. As these models have escalated in complexity in recent years, there has been an increased demand for more accurate forecasting, thereby catalyzing substantial advancements in model verification and evaluation techniques. This paper begins with a review of recent domestic and international progress in model evaluation and verification. It subsequently delves into the significant contributions by Chinese scholars in evaluating the dynamical frameworks of next-generation numerical models, the multi-temporal and spatial variability of the East Asian monsoon, and the assessment of weather and climate conditions around the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau (QXP). Given the identification of precipitation as a key process, the paper presents a comprehensive review of evaluation efforts pertaining to diurnal variations in precipitation and the evolution of precipitation processes. The paper concludes by outlining potential future research outlooks, including the integration of multi-source observation data, the development of evaluation techniques specific to certain models and application contexts, and the synergy between model evaluation and machine learning technologies.