Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves Simulated by CAMS-CSM

Lu WANG; Tianjun ZHOU; Jian LI; Xinyao RONG; Haoming CHEN; Yufei XIN; Jingzhi SU

doi:10.1007/s13351-019-9021-1

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Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves Simulated by CAMS-CSM

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Corresponding author: Lu WANG, luwang@nuist.edu.cn;

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Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1505801), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41705059), and Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST

DOI: 10.1007/s13351-019-9021-1

Abstract

Abstract

The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences developed a Climate System Model (CAMS-CSM) to participate in the upcoming Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). In this study, we assessed the model performance in simulating the convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) by comparing the daily output of precipitation from a 23-yr coupled run with the observational precipitation data from Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). Four dominant modes of CCEWs including the Kelvin, equatorial Rossby (ER), mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG), tropical depression-type (TD-type) waves, and their annual mean and seasonal cycle characteristics are investigated respectively. It is found that the space–time spectrum characteristics of each wave mode represented by tropical averaged precipitation could be very well simulated by CAMS-CSM, including the magnitudes and the equivalent depths. The zonal distribution of wave associated precipitation is also well simulated, with the maximum centers over the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. However, the meridional distribution of the wave activities is poorly simulated, with the maximum centers shifted from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere, especially the Kelvin, MRG, and TD waves. The seasonal cycle of each wave mode is generally captured by the model, but their amplitudes over the Southern Hemisphere during boreal winter are grossly overestimated. The reason for the excessive wave activity over the southern Pacific Ocean in the simulation is discussed.
- CAMS-CSM,
- convectively coupled equatorial waves,
- precipitation,
- seasonal cycle,
- model evaluation

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Fig. 1. Zonal wavenumber–frequency power of precipitation over 15°S–15°N divided by the background spectrum based on (a) observation (OBS) and (b) CAMS-CSM output. Superimposed are the dispersion curves of equatorial waves for the three equivalent depths of 8, 25, and 90 m. The signals with positive (negative) zonal wave number propagate eastward (westward). Note: cpd denotes cycle per day.

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Fig. 2. As in Fig. 1, but for estimates of the Northern Hemisphere (0°–15°N, a and b) and Southern Hemisphere (15°S–0°, c and d), respectively. The left panels are based on observational data, while the right panels are based on CAMS-CSM output. The signals with positive (negative) zonal wave number propagate eastward (westward).

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Fig. 3. Zonal distributions of annual mean standard deviation (STD) of precipitation (Pr) filtered for the Kelvin (red), ER (blue), MRG (green), and TD-type (purple) waves averaged over 15°S to 15°N. The solid lines represent the observation and the dashed lines represent the simulation results.

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Fig. 4. Horizontal distributions of annual mean standard deviation of precipitation filtered for (a, b) Kelvin, (c, d) ER, (e, f) MRG, and (g, h) TD-type waves. The left (right) panels represent the observation (simulation).

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Fig. 5. Seasonal evolution of zonal-mean wave activity for (a, e) Kelvin, (b, f) ER, (c, g) MRG, and (d, h) TD-type waves. The upper (lower) panels represent the observation (simulation).

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Fig. 6. Seasonal evolution of meridional-mean wave activity for (a, e) Kelvin, (b, f) ER, (c, g) MRG, and (d, h) TD-type waves. The first and third rows are average over the Northern Hemisphere while the second and fourth rows are average over the Southern Hemisphere. The upper (lower) panels represent the observation (simulation).

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Fig. 7. Climatological mean precipitation (shaded, mm day⁻¹) and SST (contours with interval of 1°C) during (a, b) boreal winter (November–April) and (c, d) boreal summer (May–October) for (a, c) observation and (b, d) simulation. The red contours represent SST of 29°C

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Table 1 Spectrum domains for filtering different CCEW modes

Kelvin ER MRG TD-type

Period (day) 3–20 10–30 3–10 2.5–5
Wavenumber 2–14 −10 to −2 −10 to −1 −15 to −5
Equivalent depth (m) 8–90 8–90 8–90 Not specified

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Wang, L., T. J. Zhou, J. Li, et al., 2019: Convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by CAMS-CSM. J. Meteor. Res., 33(5), 949–959, doi: 10.1007/s13351-019-9021-1..

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Wang, L., T. J. Zhou, J. Li, et al., 2019: Convectively coupled equatorial waves simulated by CAMS-CSM. J. Meteor. Res., 33(5), 949–959, doi: 10.1007/s13351-019-9021-1..

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Manuscript History

Received: 13 February 2019

Accepted: 16 May 2019

Final form: 30 September 2019

Typeset Proofs: 14 October 2019

Published online: 27 October 2019

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Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves Simulated by CAMS-CSM